Sometimes. For a picture with no words in it, an upscaler can do a decent job. For a flyer, an invitation or anything with text, it usually makes the print worse.
It makes a bigger image by guessing what the missing detail should look like. The file gets more pixels, so every "is this big enough to print?" check passes. But the guesses aren't the detail the image never had.
AI images also carry less real detail than their size suggests: the generators upscale internally before you ever see the file. Upscaling again is guessing on top of guessing.
Landscapes, textures, painterly art: things where a slightly invented leaf or brushstroke doesn't matter. Printed as wall art, a good upscaler can look great.
Lettering. Upscalers smear small text, round off thin strokes, and can change the shape of a letter or a number. On a flyer, that's a phone number, a date or a price that might now be wrong, and it's easy to miss until it's printed. QR codes fare worse: a guessed module and it won't scan.
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